قُلۡ إِنَّمَا عِلۡمُهَا عِندَ رَبِّيۖ لَا يُجَلِّيهَا لِوَقۡتِهَآ إِلَّا هُوَۚ
Say, “Its knowledge is only with my Lord. None will reveal its time except Him.”
Al-A'raf 7:187 · Saheeh InternationalAlFitan
The first and largest digital archive on tribulations and the end times.
The signs, by what scholars say
78 signs before the Hour
- Appeared
- Partly
- Not yet
From the Prophet's ﷺ time to the Hour
- 01
Foretold for the early generations
- The Prophet's ﷺ Mission and PassingThe sending of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as the Final Messenger - and his subsequent passing - are counted by scholars as the very first signs of the Hour's approach.1 verses21 hadith
- The Splitting of the Moon (Inshiqaq al-Qamar)The miracle of the splitting of the moon (Inshiqaq al-Qamar) in Makkah during the Prophet's ﷺ lifetime, which the Qur'an explicitly links to the drawing near of the Hour.1 verses12 hadith
- Thirty liars who claim prophethoodThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until about thirty liars (dajjals) appear, each claiming to be a messenger of Allah, though he is the last prophet and there is none after him.21 hadith2 Bible
- Conquests foretold (Persia, Rome, Yemen, Sham, Iraq, Egypt, Jerusalem)In the hardest days, when the Muslims were few and besieged, the Prophet ﷺ foretold that they would conquer Persia, Rome, Yemen, Sham, Iraq, Egypt and Jerusalem.76 hadith1 Bible
- Civil strife among the Companions (Uthman, Jamal, Siffin)The Prophet ﷺ foretold the trials that would come after him: the killing of Uthman (RA), and the fighting among the Muslims at the Battle of the Camel (Jamal) and at Siffin.55 hadith
- The Khawarij foretoldThe Prophet ﷺ foretold a group who would recite the Quran but it would not go past their throats, and who would leave the religion as an arrow leaves its target.123 hadith
- Caliphate, then kingshipThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the caliphate after him would last thirty years and then become kingship, and that the religion would stay strong under twelve rulers, all from Quraysh.49 hadith3 Bible
- UmayyadsThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the ruin of his ummah would come at the hands of young men of Quraysh, and that rule would turn into kingship after thirty years of caliphate.60 hadith
- AbbasidsThe Abbasids, descendants of the Prophet's uncle al-Abbas, overthrew the Umayyads in 132 AH and ruled from Baghdad.46 hadith
- Fire in the land of HijazThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until a fire comes out of the land of Hijaz that lights up the necks of the camels at Busra (in Syria).6 hadith
- TurksThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the Muslims would fight a people with small eyes, red faces, flat noses and faces like hammered shields, who wear shoes of hair.101 hadith
- 02
Signs that spread among people
- Knowledge taken awayAmong the signs of the Hour: ilm is taken away and ignorance spreads.51 hadith1 Bible
- Trust lost; affairs given to the unfitWhen trust (amanah) is lost, wait for the Hour.15 hadith1 Bible
- Open sin: zina and musical instrumentsAmong the signs: zina (fornication) becomes widespread and open, and people of the ummah treat as lawful zina, silk, wine and musical instruments.27 hadith2 Bible
- Spread of Riba (Usury) and Intoxicants Under New NamesThe widespread consumption of riba (usury/interest), indifference to whether income is lawful or unlawful, and the normalization of intoxicants by calling them by other names.4 hadith
- Severing Family Ties, Bad Neighborliness, and False TestimonyThe breakdown of family and community bonds before the Hour: severing ties of kinship (qati'at al-rahim), mistreating neighbors, giving false testimony, and concealing truthful witness.27 hadith
- Markets Drawing Close Together, Spread of Trade, and Selective GreetingMarkets drawing close together (taqarub al-aswaq), the universal spread of trade until a woman assists her husband in commerce, the proliferation of writing ('the pen'), and greeting only those one knows.6 hadith
- Much killing (al-harj)Al-harj means much killing.84 hadith3 Bible
- Many earthquakesThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until earthquakes become many.27 hadith4 Bible
- Time draws close (passes quickly)Time draws close: the years, months and days seem to pass ever faster.15 hadith
- Barefoot shepherds compete in tall buildingsIn the famous hadith of Jibril, one of the signs of the Hour is that barefoot, naked, poor shepherds will compete in building tall buildings.17 hadith
- The slave woman gives birth to her mistressAlso in the hadith of Jibril: 'the slave woman will give birth to her mistress (or master)'.13 hadith
- Men decrease, women increaseMen become few and women many, until fifty women have one man to look after them.19 hadith
- People vie in adorning mosques'The Hour will not come until people compete with one another over mosques.'9 hadith
- Abundant Rain While the Earth Grows NothingA sign before the Hour in which the sky sends down abundant rain, yet the earth produces no crops or blessing (barakah) from it.3 hadith
- Islam returns a stranger; holding faith like holding embers'Islam began as something strange and will return to being strange as it began, so glad tidings to the strangers.'11 hadith
- Trials (fitan) like pieces of dark nightThe Prophet ﷺ warned of trials (fitan) that will come like pieces of a dark night, one after another, so confusing that a man is a believer in the morning and a disbeliever by evening.102 hadith2 Bible
- Nations call one another against you'The nations will soon call one another against you, as diners call one another to a dish.'2 hadith
- A group that stays on the truth until the HourA group of the ummah will always remain upon the truth, victorious, not harmed by those who abandon or oppose them, until the command of Allah comes.37 hadith
- A renewer every hundred years'Allah will send to this ummah at the head of every hundred years someone who renews its religion for it.'3 hadith
- Wealth overflows; no one takes charityWealth increases until it overflows, and a man goes out with his charity and finds no one to accept it.31 hadith
- Sinkholes, Disfigurement, and Stones from the Sky (Khasf, Maskh, Qadhf)The warning of three punitive portents in this Ummah before the Hour: sinkholes/swallowing by the earth (khasf), disfigurement (maskh), and stones pelted from the sky (qadhf).6 hadith1 Bible
- Predators and Inanimate Objects Speaking to HumansBefore the Hour, wild predators (siba') will speak to humans, and inanimate objects - the tip of a man's whip, the strap of his sandal - along with his own thigh will speak to him.3 hadith
- A man passes a grave and wishes he were in it'The Hour will not come until a man passes by another man's grave and says: I wish I were in his place.'6 hadith
- Tribes return to idol worshipBefore the Hour some tribes of the ummah will join the idolaters and worship idols again.13 hadith
- Arabia returns to meadows and riversThe Hour will not come until the land of the Arabs returns to being meadows and rivers.3 hadith
- Madinah guarded from the Dajjal; it expels its impurityMadinah has a special place at the end of time: the Dajjal cannot enter it, and it expels its impurity as a furnace removes the dross from iron.14 hadith
- Expedition to India (Ghazwat al-Hind)Ghazwat al-Hind is an expedition to al-Hind (the Indian subcontinent) that the Prophet ﷺ promised, with great reward for those who take part.13 hadith
- QahtaniA man from the tribe of Qahtan (the southern Arabs of Yemen) will rise and lead people with his stick.21 hadith
- Al-Jahjah'The days and nights will not end until a man called al-Jahjah, a freed slave, comes to rule.'1 hadith
- EuphratesThe Euphrates (al-Furat) will uncover a mountain (or treasure) of gold, and people will fight over it.59 hadith2 Bible
- Black bannersBlack banners coming from the east, from Khurasan, appear in several reports as an army that comes before or with the Mahdi.67 hadith
- SufyaniThe Sufyani is a figure from the descendants of Abu Sufyan who, according to some reports, will rise in Sham before the Mahdi, spread oppression, and send an army that is swallowed by the earth.106 hadith
- Women Dressed Yet NakedAmong the signs the Prophet ﷺ foretold is the appearance of 'women who are clothed yet naked' (kasiyat 'ariyat), a widespread immodesty in dress in the latter days.2 hadith
- The Overturning of Social and Moral OrderA cluster of signs describing the overturning of social and moral order: when people invert the rights of parents, friends, leaders and worship, calamities follow.2 hadith
- The Spread of Sudden DeathThe Prophet ﷺ urged hastening to good deeds ahead of seven things, one of them 'a sudden, dispatching death'; its spread is counted among the signs of the latter days.2 hadith
- Two Great Factions Fight Under One ClaimThe Hour will not come until two great factions fight a fierce war while both lay claim to the same cause.9 hadith
- A Mass Death Like the Murrain of SheepA sudden, widespread mortality that takes people quickly 'like the murrain of sheep' - the third of the six signs the Prophet ﷺ named to Awf ibn Malik.10 hadith
- Fleeing with One's Faith to the MountainsA time will come when a believer's safest wealth is a flock of sheep he keeps on the mountain tops, fleeing with his religion from the trials of the towns.8 hadith
- Enforcers with Whips Like the Tails of OxenAmong the signs is the appearance of people carrying whips like the tails of oxen, with which they beat others unjustly.1 hadith
- Tribulation from the East, Where the Horn of Satan RisesThe Prophet ﷺ pointed to the east and foretold that tribulation would rise from there, 'from where the horn of Satan appears'.13 hadith
- The Romans Will Be the Most Numerous of PeopleThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the Hour would come while the Romans (al-Rum) are the most numerous of people.4 hadith
- 03
Before the Dajjal
- Blockade of Iraq, Sham, and Egypt (Withholding of Grain and Coin)A prophesied blockade or withholding of grain-measures and coinage across three pivotal lands of the Muslim world: Iraq, Sham (Greater Syria), and Egypt.2 hadith
- The Earth Vomits Forth Its Treasures Like Columns of Gold and SilverNear the Hour, the earth will vomit forth the buried treasures of its interior ('pieces of its liver') like great columns of gold and silver, yet no one will take anything from them.2 hadith
- Flourishing of Baitul Maqdis (Jerusalem) and Ruin of YathribThe flourishing of Baitul Maqdis (Jerusalem) - and the descent of the Caliphate in the Holy Land - as the opening milestone in the prophetic sequence leading to the Great Battle and the Dajjal.8 hadith9 Bible
- MahdiThe Mahdi ('the rightly guided one') is a man from the Prophet's family, through Fatimah, who will lead the Muslims near the end of time and fill the earth with justice as it had been filled with oppression.240 hadith
- Truce with the RomansThe Prophet ﷺ said the Muslims will make a secure peace with the Romans, and together they will fight a common enemy.29 hadith
- Romans (al-Rum)Al-Rum, the Romans, were the Byzantine Empire in the Prophet's time.1 verses208 hadith
- MalhamahAl-Malhamah al-Kubra is the great battle between the Muslims and the Romans (al-Rum) near the end of time.123 hadith4 Bible
- Conquest of ConstantinopleConstantinople, today's Istanbul, was the capital of the Romans.97 hadith
- The Conquest of Rome (Rumiyah)The foretold conquest of Rome (Rumiyah, in Italy), named in the reports after the conquest of Constantinople.11 hadith
- A Cry in RamadanA 'cry' or voice heard in Ramadan is reported among the tribulations before the Mahdi.16 hadith
- An Army Swallowed Up at al-BaydaAn army that marches to attack one seeking refuge at the Kaaba will be swallowed by the earth at al-Bayda, between Mecca and Medina.12 hadith
- 04
The Dajjal, Isa (AS), Ya'juj and Ma'juj
- DajjalThe Dajjal (al-Masih al-Dajjal, the false messiah) is a single man who will appear near the end and claim to be God.744 hadith9 Bible
- Isa (AS)Isa (Jesus, AS), son of Maryam, was not killed or crucified; Allah raised him up.4 verses173 hadith6 Bible
- Gharqad treeA hadith says that in a final battle even stones and trees will speak and point out those hiding behind them, except the gharqad, a thorny desert shrub (boxthorn).7 hadith
- Ya'juj and Ma'jujYa'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog) are two huge peoples, descendants of Adam, held back behind a barrier of iron and copper that Dhul-Qarnayn built.2 verses122 hadith2 Bible
- The gentle wind that takes the believers' soulsAfter the time of Isa (AS), Allah sends a cool, gentle wind from the direction of Sham (or Yemen in another narration).8 hadith
- 05
The last signs
- The SmokeThe Smoke (al-Dukhan) is one of the ten great signs: a smoke that covers people, mentioned in Surah al-Dukhan.1 verses25 hadith1 Bible
- Sun rising from the westOne morning the sun will rise from the west.1 verses85 hadith2 Bible
- The Beast (Dabbah)The Beast (Dabbat al-Ard) is a creature that Allah will bring out of the earth near the end.1 verses44 hadith1 Bible
- The Lifting of the Qur'an from the Mushafs and Hearts in One NightNear the very end of time, after true practice of Islam has faded, Allah will take up the Qur'an in a single night so that not a single verse remains in the written pages (masahif) or in people's hearts.5 hadith1 Bible
- Dhu al-Suwayqatayn destroys the Ka'bahNear the end, a man from Abyssinia called Dhu al-Suwayqatayn ('the one with two thin shins') will tear down the Ka'bah stone by stone.15 hadith
- Land collapsesThree great collapses of the earth (khusuf): one in the east, one in the west, and one in the Arabian Peninsula.111 hadith
- Fire from YemenThe last of the ten great signs: a fire that comes out of Yemen, from the depths of Aden, and drives people to the place of their gathering.34 hadith1 Bible
- 06
The Hour
- The Hour comes on the worst of peopleThe Hour will not come while anyone on earth still says 'Allah, Allah'.20 hadith1 Bible
- The heavens and earth at the endWhen the Hour comes, the whole universe changes.32 verses3 hadith8 Bible
- The HourThe Hour (al-Sa'ah) is the moment this world ends.41 verses540 hadith25 Bible
- 07
After the Hour
- Death and the grave (barzakh)Death is the first stage of the hereafter.9 verses102 hadith
- The TrumpetThe angel Israfil will blow into the Trumpet (al-Sur).20 verses15 hadith3 Bible
- ResurrectionAfter the second blow of the Trumpet, Allah raises every human being from the dead, body and soul, to be judged.32 verses2 hadith7 Bible
- The Gathering (Hashr)Al-Hashr is the Gathering: all of creation, from Adam to the last human, brought together on one vast plain to wait for judgment.26 verses22 hadith1 Bible
- The Day of JudgmentYawm al-Qiyamah, the Day of Resurrection, is the Day when all people stand before Allah to be judged.335 verses233 hadith3 Bible
- IntercessionIntercession (shafa'ah) is asking Allah, by His permission, for mercy for others.19 verses18 hadith
- Reckoning, the record and the scalesOn that Day every person's deeds are brought out.33 verses20 hadith1 Bible
- The Bridge and the PoolAl-Hawd is the Prophet's Pool (al-Kawthar), where his ummah drink before crossing.2 verses46 hadith
- ParadiseJannah, Paradise, is the eternal home of the believers: 'what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no heart has imagined'.147 verses327 hadith3 Bible
- HellfireJahannam, Hellfire, is the abode of punishment for those who rejected Allah and for whom He decrees it.225 verses156 hadith1 Bible
- The Day of JudgmentYawm al-Qiyamah, the Day of Resurrection, is the Day when all people stand before Allah to be judged.335 verses233 hadith3 Bible
- ParadiseJannah, Paradise, is the eternal home of the believers: 'what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no heart has imagined'.147 verses327 hadith3 Bible
- HellfireJahannam, Hellfire, is the abode of punishment for those who rejected Allah and for whom He decrees it.225 verses156 hadith1 Bible
- DajjalThe Dajjal (al-Masih al-Dajjal, the false messiah) is a single man who will appear near the end and claim to be God.744 hadith9 Bible
- The HourThe Hour (al-Sa'ah) is the moment this world ends.41 verses540 hadith25 Bible
- Death and the grave (barzakh)Death is the first stage of the hereafter.9 verses102 hadith
- The Khawarij foretoldThe Prophet ﷺ foretold a group who would recite the Quran but it would not go past their throats, and who would leave the religion as an arrow leaves its target.123 hadith
- Reckoning, the record and the scalesOn that Day every person's deeds are brought out.33 verses20 hadith1 Bible
- Isa (AS)Isa (Jesus, AS), son of Maryam, was not killed or crucified; Allah raised him up.4 verses173 hadith6 Bible
- The Gathering (Hashr)Al-Hashr is the Gathering: all of creation, from Adam to the last human, brought together on one vast plain to wait for judgment.26 verses22 hadith1 Bible
- The heavens and earth at the endWhen the Hour comes, the whole universe changes.32 verses3 hadith8 Bible
- The Bridge and the PoolAl-Hawd is the Prophet's Pool (al-Kawthar), where his ummah drink before crossing.2 verses46 hadith
- Sun rising from the westOne morning the sun will rise from the west.1 verses85 hadith2 Bible
- ResurrectionAfter the second blow of the Trumpet, Allah raises every human being from the dead, body and soul, to be judged.32 verses2 hadith7 Bible
- Ya'juj and Ma'jujYa'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog) are two huge peoples, descendants of Adam, held back behind a barrier of iron and copper that Dhul-Qarnayn built.2 verses122 hadith2 Bible
- IntercessionIntercession (shafa'ah) is asking Allah, by His permission, for mercy for others.19 verses18 hadith
- Much killing (al-harj)Al-harj means much killing.84 hadith3 Bible
- TurksThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the Muslims would fight a people with small eyes, red faces, flat noses and faces like hammered shields, who wear shoes of hair.101 hadith
- Land collapsesThree great collapses of the earth (khusuf): one in the east, one in the west, and one in the Arabian Peninsula.111 hadith
- Romans (al-Rum)Al-Rum, the Romans, were the Byzantine Empire in the Prophet's time.1 verses208 hadith
- Trials (fitan) like pieces of dark nightThe Prophet ﷺ warned of trials (fitan) that will come like pieces of a dark night, one after another, so confusing that a man is a believer in the morning and a disbeliever by evening.102 hadith2 Bible
- The TrumpetThe angel Israfil will blow into the Trumpet (al-Sur).20 verses15 hadith3 Bible
- Knowledge taken awayAmong the signs of the Hour: ilm is taken away and ignorance spreads.51 hadith1 Bible
- Conquests foretold (Persia, Rome, Yemen, Sham, Iraq, Egypt, Jerusalem)In the hardest days, when the Muslims were few and besieged, the Prophet ﷺ foretold that they would conquer Persia, Rome, Yemen, Sham, Iraq, Egypt and Jerusalem.76 hadith1 Bible
- The SmokeThe Smoke (al-Dukhan) is one of the ten great signs: a smoke that covers people, mentioned in Surah al-Dukhan.1 verses25 hadith1 Bible
- A group that stays on the truth until the HourA group of the ummah will always remain upon the truth, victorious, not harmed by those who abandon or oppose them, until the command of Allah comes.37 hadith
- Civil strife among the Companions (Uthman, Jamal, Siffin)The Prophet ﷺ foretold the trials that would come after him: the killing of Uthman (RA), and the fighting among the Muslims at the Battle of the Camel (Jamal) and at Siffin.55 hadith
- Severing Family Ties, Bad Neighborliness, and False TestimonyThe breakdown of family and community bonds before the Hour: severing ties of kinship (qati'at al-rahim), mistreating neighbors, giving false testimony, and concealing truthful witness.27 hadith
- Wealth overflows; no one takes charityWealth increases until it overflows, and a man goes out with his charity and finds no one to accept it.31 hadith
- MahdiThe Mahdi ('the rightly guided one') is a man from the Prophet's family, through Fatimah, who will lead the Muslims near the end of time and fill the earth with justice as it had been filled with oppression.240 hadith
- Open sin: zina and musical instrumentsAmong the signs: zina (fornication) becomes widespread and open, and people of the ummah treat as lawful zina, silk, wine and musical instruments.27 hadith2 Bible
- Caliphate, then kingshipThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the caliphate after him would last thirty years and then become kingship, and that the religion would stay strong under twelve rulers, all from Quraysh.49 hadith3 Bible
- The Beast (Dabbah)The Beast (Dabbat al-Ard) is a creature that Allah will bring out of the earth near the end.1 verses44 hadith1 Bible
- Barefoot shepherds compete in tall buildingsIn the famous hadith of Jibril, one of the signs of the Hour is that barefoot, naked, poor shepherds will compete in building tall buildings.17 hadith
- EuphratesThe Euphrates (al-Furat) will uncover a mountain (or treasure) of gold, and people will fight over it.59 hadith2 Bible
- Tribulation from the East, Where the Horn of Satan RisesThe Prophet ﷺ pointed to the east and foretold that tribulation would rise from there, 'from where the horn of Satan appears'.13 hadith
- The Prophet's ﷺ Mission and PassingThe sending of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as the Final Messenger - and his subsequent passing - are counted by scholars as the very first signs of the Hour's approach.1 verses21 hadith
- The Splitting of the Moon (Inshiqaq al-Qamar)The miracle of the splitting of the moon (Inshiqaq al-Qamar) in Makkah during the Prophet's ﷺ lifetime, which the Qur'an explicitly links to the drawing near of the Hour.1 verses12 hadith
- Fire from YemenThe last of the ten great signs: a fire that comes out of Yemen, from the depths of Aden, and drives people to the place of their gathering.34 hadith1 Bible
- Time draws close (passes quickly)Time draws close: the years, months and days seem to pass ever faster.15 hadith
- The slave woman gives birth to her mistressAlso in the hadith of Jibril: 'the slave woman will give birth to her mistress (or master)'.13 hadith
- Thirty liars who claim prophethoodThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until about thirty liars (dajjals) appear, each claiming to be a messenger of Allah, though he is the last prophet and there is none after him.21 hadith2 Bible
- MalhamahAl-Malhamah al-Kubra is the great battle between the Muslims and the Romans (al-Rum) near the end of time.123 hadith4 Bible
- Many earthquakesThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until earthquakes become many.27 hadith4 Bible
- Men decrease, women increaseMen become few and women many, until fifty women have one man to look after them.19 hadith
- Islam returns a stranger; holding faith like holding embers'Islam began as something strange and will return to being strange as it began, so glad tidings to the strangers.'11 hadith
- Truce with the RomansThe Prophet ﷺ said the Muslims will make a secure peace with the Romans, and together they will fight a common enemy.29 hadith
- Dhu al-Suwayqatayn destroys the Ka'bahNear the end, a man from Abyssinia called Dhu al-Suwayqatayn ('the one with two thin shins') will tear down the Ka'bah stone by stone.15 hadith
- Trust lost; affairs given to the unfitWhen trust (amanah) is lost, wait for the Hour.15 hadith1 Bible
- Tribes return to idol worshipBefore the Hour some tribes of the ummah will join the idolaters and worship idols again.13 hadith
- Madinah guarded from the Dajjal; it expels its impurityMadinah has a special place at the end of time: the Dajjal cannot enter it, and it expels its impurity as a furnace removes the dross from iron.14 hadith
- Conquest of ConstantinopleConstantinople, today's Istanbul, was the capital of the Romans.97 hadith
- Spread of Riba (Usury) and Intoxicants Under New NamesThe widespread consumption of riba (usury/interest), indifference to whether income is lawful or unlawful, and the normalization of intoxicants by calling them by other names.4 hadith
- Sinkholes, Disfigurement, and Stones from the Sky (Khasf, Maskh, Qadhf)The warning of three punitive portents in this Ummah before the Hour: sinkholes/swallowing by the earth (khasf), disfigurement (maskh), and stones pelted from the sky (qadhf).6 hadith1 Bible
- Two Great Factions Fight Under One ClaimThe Hour will not come until two great factions fight a fierce war while both lay claim to the same cause.9 hadith
- Fleeing with One's Faith to the MountainsA time will come when a believer's safest wealth is a flock of sheep he keeps on the mountain tops, fleeing with his religion from the trials of the towns.8 hadith
- The Hour comes on the worst of peopleThe Hour will not come while anyone on earth still says 'Allah, Allah'.20 hadith1 Bible
- People vie in adorning mosques'The Hour will not come until people compete with one another over mosques.'9 hadith
- A man passes a grave and wishes he were in it'The Hour will not come until a man passes by another man's grave and says: I wish I were in his place.'6 hadith
- QahtaniA man from the tribe of Qahtan (the southern Arabs of Yemen) will rise and lead people with his stick.21 hadith
- An Army Swallowed Up at al-BaydaAn army that marches to attack one seeking refuge at the Kaaba will be swallowed by the earth at al-Bayda, between Mecca and Medina.12 hadith
- The gentle wind that takes the believers' soulsAfter the time of Isa (AS), Allah sends a cool, gentle wind from the direction of Sham (or Yemen in another narration).8 hadith
- Fire in the land of HijazThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until a fire comes out of the land of Hijaz that lights up the necks of the camels at Busra (in Syria).6 hadith
- The Romans Will Be the Most Numerous of PeopleThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the Hour would come while the Romans (al-Rum) are the most numerous of people.4 hadith
- Blockade of Iraq, Sham, and Egypt (Withholding of Grain and Coin)A prophesied blockade or withholding of grain-measures and coinage across three pivotal lands of the Muslim world: Iraq, Sham (Greater Syria), and Egypt.2 hadith
- The Earth Vomits Forth Its Treasures Like Columns of Gold and SilverNear the Hour, the earth will vomit forth the buried treasures of its interior ('pieces of its liver') like great columns of gold and silver, yet no one will take anything from them.2 hadith
- Flourishing of Baitul Maqdis (Jerusalem) and Ruin of YathribThe flourishing of Baitul Maqdis (Jerusalem) - and the descent of the Caliphate in the Holy Land - as the opening milestone in the prophetic sequence leading to the Great Battle and the Dajjal.8 hadith9 Bible
- Gharqad treeA hadith says that in a final battle even stones and trees will speak and point out those hiding behind them, except the gharqad, a thorny desert shrub (boxthorn).7 hadith
- UmayyadsThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the ruin of his ummah would come at the hands of young men of Quraysh, and that rule would turn into kingship after thirty years of caliphate.60 hadith
- Abundant Rain While the Earth Grows NothingA sign before the Hour in which the sky sends down abundant rain, yet the earth produces no crops or blessing (barakah) from it.3 hadith
- Nations call one another against you'The nations will soon call one another against you, as diners call one another to a dish.'2 hadith
- A renewer every hundred years'Allah will send to this ummah at the head of every hundred years someone who renews its religion for it.'3 hadith
- Predators and Inanimate Objects Speaking to HumansBefore the Hour, wild predators (siba') will speak to humans, and inanimate objects - the tip of a man's whip, the strap of his sandal - along with his own thigh will speak to him.3 hadith
- Expedition to India (Ghazwat al-Hind)Ghazwat al-Hind is an expedition to al-Hind (the Indian subcontinent) that the Prophet ﷺ promised, with great reward for those who take part.13 hadith
- Al-Jahjah'The days and nights will not end until a man called al-Jahjah, a freed slave, comes to rule.'1 hadith
- Black bannersBlack banners coming from the east, from Khurasan, appear in several reports as an army that comes before or with the Mahdi.67 hadith
- Women Dressed Yet NakedAmong the signs the Prophet ﷺ foretold is the appearance of 'women who are clothed yet naked' (kasiyat 'ariyat), a widespread immodesty in dress in the latter days.2 hadith
- A Mass Death Like the Murrain of SheepA sudden, widespread mortality that takes people quickly 'like the murrain of sheep' - the third of the six signs the Prophet ﷺ named to Awf ibn Malik.10 hadith
- Enforcers with Whips Like the Tails of OxenAmong the signs is the appearance of people carrying whips like the tails of oxen, with which they beat others unjustly.1 hadith
- The Lifting of the Qur'an from the Mushafs and Hearts in One NightNear the very end of time, after true practice of Islam has faded, Allah will take up the Qur'an in a single night so that not a single verse remains in the written pages (masahif) or in people's hearts.5 hadith1 Bible
- AbbasidsThe Abbasids, descendants of the Prophet's uncle al-Abbas, overthrew the Umayyads in 132 AH and ruled from Baghdad.46 hadith
- Markets Drawing Close Together, Spread of Trade, and Selective GreetingMarkets drawing close together (taqarub al-aswaq), the universal spread of trade until a woman assists her husband in commerce, the proliferation of writing ('the pen'), and greeting only those one knows.6 hadith
- Arabia returns to meadows and riversThe Hour will not come until the land of the Arabs returns to being meadows and rivers.3 hadith
- SufyaniThe Sufyani is a figure from the descendants of Abu Sufyan who, according to some reports, will rise in Sham before the Mahdi, spread oppression, and send an army that is swallowed by the earth.106 hadith
- The Overturning of Social and Moral OrderA cluster of signs describing the overturning of social and moral order: when people invert the rights of parents, friends, leaders and worship, calamities follow.2 hadith
- The Spread of Sudden DeathThe Prophet ﷺ urged hastening to good deeds ahead of seven things, one of them 'a sudden, dispatching death'; its spread is counted among the signs of the latter days.2 hadith
- The Conquest of Rome (Rumiyah)The foretold conquest of Rome (Rumiyah, in Italy), named in the reports after the conquest of Constantinople.11 hadith
- A Cry in RamadanA 'cry' or voice heard in Ramadan is reported among the tribulations before the Mahdi.16 hadith
- The Prophet's ﷺ Mission and PassingThe sending of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as the Final Messenger - and his subsequent passing - are counted by scholars as the very first signs of the Hour's approach.1 verses21 hadith
- Conquests foretold (Persia, Rome, Yemen, Sham, Iraq, Egypt, Jerusalem)In the hardest days, when the Muslims were few and besieged, the Prophet ﷺ foretold that they would conquer Persia, Rome, Yemen, Sham, Iraq, Egypt and Jerusalem.76 hadith1 Bible
- TurksThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the Muslims would fight a people with small eyes, red faces, flat noses and faces like hammered shields, who wear shoes of hair.101 hadith
- DajjalThe Dajjal (al-Masih al-Dajjal, the false messiah) is a single man who will appear near the end and claim to be God.744 hadith9 Bible
- Knowledge taken awayAmong the signs of the Hour: ilm is taken away and ignorance spreads.51 hadith1 Bible
- The Splitting of the Moon (Inshiqaq al-Qamar)The miracle of the splitting of the moon (Inshiqaq al-Qamar) in Makkah during the Prophet's ﷺ lifetime, which the Qur'an explicitly links to the drawing near of the Hour.1 verses12 hadith
- Severing Family Ties, Bad Neighborliness, and False TestimonyThe breakdown of family and community bonds before the Hour: severing ties of kinship (qati'at al-rahim), mistreating neighbors, giving false testimony, and concealing truthful witness.27 hadith
- Thirty liars who claim prophethoodThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until about thirty liars (dajjals) appear, each claiming to be a messenger of Allah, though he is the last prophet and there is none after him.21 hadith2 Bible
- The Khawarij foretoldThe Prophet ﷺ foretold a group who would recite the Quran but it would not go past their throats, and who would leave the religion as an arrow leaves its target.123 hadith
- Fire in the land of HijazThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until a fire comes out of the land of Hijaz that lights up the necks of the camels at Busra (in Syria).6 hadith
- Land collapsesThree great collapses of the earth (khusuf): one in the east, one in the west, and one in the Arabian Peninsula.111 hadith
- Civil strife among the Companions (Uthman, Jamal, Siffin)The Prophet ﷺ foretold the trials that would come after him: the killing of Uthman (RA), and the fighting among the Muslims at the Battle of the Camel (Jamal) and at Siffin.55 hadith
- Caliphate, then kingshipThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the caliphate after him would last thirty years and then become kingship, and that the religion would stay strong under twelve rulers, all from Quraysh.49 hadith3 Bible
- The Beast (Dabbah)The Beast (Dabbat al-Ard) is a creature that Allah will bring out of the earth near the end.1 verses44 hadith1 Bible
- Fire from YemenThe last of the ten great signs: a fire that comes out of Yemen, from the depths of Aden, and drives people to the place of their gathering.34 hadith1 Bible
- UmayyadsThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the ruin of his ummah would come at the hands of young men of Quraysh, and that rule would turn into kingship after thirty years of caliphate.60 hadith
- AbbasidsThe Abbasids, descendants of the Prophet's uncle al-Abbas, overthrew the Umayyads in 132 AH and ruled from Baghdad.46 hadith
- The HourThe Hour (al-Sa'ah) is the moment this world ends.41 verses540 hadith25 Bible
- Isa (AS)Isa (Jesus, AS), son of Maryam, was not killed or crucified; Allah raised him up.4 verses173 hadith6 Bible
- Sun rising from the westOne morning the sun will rise from the west.1 verses85 hadith2 Bible
- Trials (fitan) like pieces of dark nightThe Prophet ﷺ warned of trials (fitan) that will come like pieces of a dark night, one after another, so confusing that a man is a believer in the morning and a disbeliever by evening.102 hadith2 Bible
- The SmokeThe Smoke (al-Dukhan) is one of the ten great signs: a smoke that covers people, mentioned in Surah al-Dukhan.1 verses25 hadith1 Bible
- Wealth overflows; no one takes charityWealth increases until it overflows, and a man goes out with his charity and finds no one to accept it.31 hadith
- Open sin: zina and musical instrumentsAmong the signs: zina (fornication) becomes widespread and open, and people of the ummah treat as lawful zina, silk, wine and musical instruments.27 hadith2 Bible
- Tribulation from the East, Where the Horn of Satan RisesThe Prophet ﷺ pointed to the east and foretold that tribulation would rise from there, 'from where the horn of Satan appears'.13 hadith
- MalhamahAl-Malhamah al-Kubra is the great battle between the Muslims and the Romans (al-Rum) near the end of time.123 hadith4 Bible
- Men decrease, women increaseMen become few and women many, until fifty women have one man to look after them.19 hadith
- Trust lost; affairs given to the unfitWhen trust (amanah) is lost, wait for the Hour.15 hadith1 Bible
- Spread of Riba (Usury) and Intoxicants Under New NamesThe widespread consumption of riba (usury/interest), indifference to whether income is lawful or unlawful, and the normalization of intoxicants by calling them by other names.4 hadith
- Gharqad treeA hadith says that in a final battle even stones and trees will speak and point out those hiding behind them, except the gharqad, a thorny desert shrub (boxthorn).7 hadith
- A Mass Death Like the Murrain of SheepA sudden, widespread mortality that takes people quickly 'like the murrain of sheep' - the third of the six signs the Prophet ﷺ named to Awf ibn Malik.10 hadith
- The Lifting of the Qur'an from the Mushafs and Hearts in One NightNear the very end of time, after true practice of Islam has faded, Allah will take up the Qur'an in a single night so that not a single verse remains in the written pages (masahif) or in people's hearts.5 hadith1 Bible
- Markets Drawing Close Together, Spread of Trade, and Selective GreetingMarkets drawing close together (taqarub al-aswaq), the universal spread of trade until a woman assists her husband in commerce, the proliferation of writing ('the pen'), and greeting only those one knows.6 hadith
- Arabia returns to meadows and riversThe Hour will not come until the land of the Arabs returns to being meadows and rivers.3 hadith
- The heavens and earth at the endWhen the Hour comes, the whole universe changes.32 verses3 hadith8 Bible
- Ya'juj and Ma'jujYa'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog) are two huge peoples, descendants of Adam, held back behind a barrier of iron and copper that Dhul-Qarnayn built.2 verses122 hadith2 Bible
- Much killing (al-harj)Al-harj means much killing.84 hadith3 Bible
- A group that stays on the truth until the HourA group of the ummah will always remain upon the truth, victorious, not harmed by those who abandon or oppose them, until the command of Allah comes.37 hadith
- MahdiThe Mahdi ('the rightly guided one') is a man from the Prophet's family, through Fatimah, who will lead the Muslims near the end of time and fill the earth with justice as it had been filled with oppression.240 hadith
- Barefoot shepherds compete in tall buildingsIn the famous hadith of Jibril, one of the signs of the Hour is that barefoot, naked, poor shepherds will compete in building tall buildings.17 hadith
- EuphratesThe Euphrates (al-Furat) will uncover a mountain (or treasure) of gold, and people will fight over it.59 hadith2 Bible
- Time draws close (passes quickly)Time draws close: the years, months and days seem to pass ever faster.15 hadith
- The slave woman gives birth to her mistressAlso in the hadith of Jibril: 'the slave woman will give birth to her mistress (or master)'.13 hadith
- Many earthquakesThe Prophet ﷺ said the Hour will not come until earthquakes become many.27 hadith4 Bible
- Islam returns a stranger; holding faith like holding embers'Islam began as something strange and will return to being strange as it began, so glad tidings to the strangers.'11 hadith
- Truce with the RomansThe Prophet ﷺ said the Muslims will make a secure peace with the Romans, and together they will fight a common enemy.29 hadith
- Dhu al-Suwayqatayn destroys the Ka'bahNear the end, a man from Abyssinia called Dhu al-Suwayqatayn ('the one with two thin shins') will tear down the Ka'bah stone by stone.15 hadith
- Tribes return to idol worshipBefore the Hour some tribes of the ummah will join the idolaters and worship idols again.13 hadith
- Madinah guarded from the Dajjal; it expels its impurityMadinah has a special place at the end of time: the Dajjal cannot enter it, and it expels its impurity as a furnace removes the dross from iron.14 hadith
- Conquest of ConstantinopleConstantinople, today's Istanbul, was the capital of the Romans.97 hadith
- Sinkholes, Disfigurement, and Stones from the Sky (Khasf, Maskh, Qadhf)The warning of three punitive portents in this Ummah before the Hour: sinkholes/swallowing by the earth (khasf), disfigurement (maskh), and stones pelted from the sky (qadhf).6 hadith1 Bible
- Two Great Factions Fight Under One ClaimThe Hour will not come until two great factions fight a fierce war while both lay claim to the same cause.9 hadith
- The Hour comes on the worst of peopleThe Hour will not come while anyone on earth still says 'Allah, Allah'.20 hadith1 Bible
- People vie in adorning mosques'The Hour will not come until people compete with one another over mosques.'9 hadith
- A man passes a grave and wishes he were in it'The Hour will not come until a man passes by another man's grave and says: I wish I were in his place.'6 hadith
- QahtaniA man from the tribe of Qahtan (the southern Arabs of Yemen) will rise and lead people with his stick.21 hadith
- The gentle wind that takes the believers' soulsAfter the time of Isa (AS), Allah sends a cool, gentle wind from the direction of Sham (or Yemen in another narration).8 hadith
- Blockade of Iraq, Sham, and Egypt (Withholding of Grain and Coin)A prophesied blockade or withholding of grain-measures and coinage across three pivotal lands of the Muslim world: Iraq, Sham (Greater Syria), and Egypt.2 hadith
- Flourishing of Baitul Maqdis (Jerusalem) and Ruin of YathribThe flourishing of Baitul Maqdis (Jerusalem) - and the descent of the Caliphate in the Holy Land - as the opening milestone in the prophetic sequence leading to the Great Battle and the Dajjal.8 hadith9 Bible
- Abundant Rain While the Earth Grows NothingA sign before the Hour in which the sky sends down abundant rain, yet the earth produces no crops or blessing (barakah) from it.3 hadith
- Nations call one another against you'The nations will soon call one another against you, as diners call one another to a dish.'2 hadith
- A renewer every hundred years'Allah will send to this ummah at the head of every hundred years someone who renews its religion for it.'3 hadith
- Predators and Inanimate Objects Speaking to HumansBefore the Hour, wild predators (siba') will speak to humans, and inanimate objects - the tip of a man's whip, the strap of his sandal - along with his own thigh will speak to him.3 hadith
- Expedition to India (Ghazwat al-Hind)Ghazwat al-Hind is an expedition to al-Hind (the Indian subcontinent) that the Prophet ﷺ promised, with great reward for those who take part.13 hadith
- Al-Jahjah'The days and nights will not end until a man called al-Jahjah, a freed slave, comes to rule.'1 hadith
- Black bannersBlack banners coming from the east, from Khurasan, appear in several reports as an army that comes before or with the Mahdi.67 hadith
- SufyaniThe Sufyani is a figure from the descendants of Abu Sufyan who, according to some reports, will rise in Sham before the Mahdi, spread oppression, and send an army that is swallowed by the earth.106 hadith
- The Spread of Sudden DeathThe Prophet ﷺ urged hastening to good deeds ahead of seven things, one of them 'a sudden, dispatching death'; its spread is counted among the signs of the latter days.2 hadith
- A Cry in RamadanA 'cry' or voice heard in Ramadan is reported among the tribulations before the Mahdi.16 hadith
- The Day of JudgmentYawm al-Qiyamah, the Day of Resurrection, is the Day when all people stand before Allah to be judged.335 verses233 hadith3 Bible
- ParadiseJannah, Paradise, is the eternal home of the believers: 'what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no heart has imagined'.147 verses327 hadith3 Bible
- HellfireJahannam, Hellfire, is the abode of punishment for those who rejected Allah and for whom He decrees it.225 verses156 hadith1 Bible
- Death and the grave (barzakh)Death is the first stage of the hereafter.9 verses102 hadith
- Reckoning, the record and the scalesOn that Day every person's deeds are brought out.33 verses20 hadith1 Bible
- The Gathering (Hashr)Al-Hashr is the Gathering: all of creation, from Adam to the last human, brought together on one vast plain to wait for judgment.26 verses22 hadith1 Bible
- The Bridge and the PoolAl-Hawd is the Prophet's Pool (al-Kawthar), where his ummah drink before crossing.2 verses46 hadith
- ResurrectionAfter the second blow of the Trumpet, Allah raises every human being from the dead, body and soul, to be judged.32 verses2 hadith7 Bible
- IntercessionIntercession (shafa'ah) is asking Allah, by His permission, for mercy for others.19 verses18 hadith
- Romans (al-Rum)Al-Rum, the Romans, were the Byzantine Empire in the Prophet's time.1 verses208 hadith
- The TrumpetThe angel Israfil will blow into the Trumpet (al-Sur).20 verses15 hadith3 Bible
- Fleeing with One's Faith to the MountainsA time will come when a believer's safest wealth is a flock of sheep he keeps on the mountain tops, fleeing with his religion from the trials of the towns.8 hadith
- An Army Swallowed Up at al-BaydaAn army that marches to attack one seeking refuge at the Kaaba will be swallowed by the earth at al-Bayda, between Mecca and Medina.12 hadith
- The Romans Will Be the Most Numerous of PeopleThe Prophet ﷺ foretold that the Hour would come while the Romans (al-Rum) are the most numerous of people.4 hadith
- The Earth Vomits Forth Its Treasures Like Columns of Gold and SilverNear the Hour, the earth will vomit forth the buried treasures of its interior ('pieces of its liver') like great columns of gold and silver, yet no one will take anything from them.2 hadith
- Women Dressed Yet NakedAmong the signs the Prophet ﷺ foretold is the appearance of 'women who are clothed yet naked' (kasiyat 'ariyat), a widespread immodesty in dress in the latter days.2 hadith
- Enforcers with Whips Like the Tails of OxenAmong the signs is the appearance of people carrying whips like the tails of oxen, with which they beat others unjustly.1 hadith
- The Overturning of Social and Moral OrderA cluster of signs describing the overturning of social and moral order: when people invert the rights of parents, friends, leaders and worship, calamities follow.2 hadith
- The Conquest of Rome (Rumiyah)The foretold conquest of Rome (Rumiyah, in Italy), named in the reports after the conquest of Constantinople.11 hadith
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Places in the narrations today
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The historic sanctuary of al-Aqsa and the Old City, long central to prophetic traditions and the sacred geography of the Levant.
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The ancient river traversing Turkey, Syria, and Iraq, whose historical basin and shifting waters feature prominently in end-times narrations.
Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0Sham (Greater Syria) الشام
The blessed Levant region encompassing Syria, Palestine, and Jordan, celebrated in classical traditions as the heartland of major events.